The UK and international institutions
The Commonwealth
The Commonwealth is an association of countries that support each other and work together towards shared goals in democracy and development. Most member states were once part of the British Empire, although a few countries which were not have also joined.
The monarch (currently King Charles III) is the ceremonial head of the Commonwealth, which currently has 54 member states. Membership is voluntary. The Commonwealth has no power over its members, although it can suspend membership. The Commonwealth is based on the core values of democracy, good government and the rule of law.
Commonwealth members
There 56 member states:
| Africa | Asia | Caribbean and Americas | Europe | Pacific |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Botswana | Bangladesh | Antigua and Barbuda | Cyprus | Australia |
| Cameroon | Brunei Darussalam | Bahamas, The | Malta | Fiji |
| Gabon | India | Barbados | United Kingdom | Kiribati |
| Gambia, The | Malaysia | Belize | Nauru | |
| Ghana | Maldives | Canada | New Zealand | |
| Kenya | Pakistan | Dominica | Papua New Guinea | |
| Kingdom of Eswatini | Singapore | Grenada | Samoa | |
| Lesotho | Sri Lanka | Guyana | Solomon Islands | |
| Malawi | Jamaica | Tonga | ||
| Mauritius | Saint Lucia | Tuvalu | ||
| Mozambique | St Kitts and Nevis | Vanuatu | ||
| Namibia | St Vincent and The Grenadines | |||
| Nigeria | Trinidad and Tobago | |||
| Rwanda | ||||
| Seychelles | ||||
| Sierra Leone | ||||
| South Africa | ||||
| Togo | ||||
| Uganda | ||||
| United Republic of Tanzania | ||||
| Zambia |
The European Union
European Union Flag
The European Union (EU), originally called the European Economic Community (EEC), was set up by six western European countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands) who signed the Treaty of Rome on 25 March 1957.
Brexit
The UK originally decided not to join this group but it became a member in 1973. The UK left the EU after the Brexit vote. Brexit officially took place at 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020.
There are now 27 EU member states.
EU member states
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Ireland
- Italy
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Croatia
With effect from 2024, no general principle of EU law is part of UK law. European laws are called directives, regulations or framework decisions.
The Council of Europe
The Council of Europe is separate from the EU. It has 47 member countries, including the UK, and is responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights in those countries. It has no power to make laws but draws up conventions and charters, the most well-known of which is the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, usually called the European Convention on Human Rights.
The United Nations
The UK is part of the United Nations (UN), an international organisation with more than 190 countries as members. The UN was set up after the Second World War and aims to prevent war and promote international peace and security. There are 15 members on the UN Security Council, which recommends action when there are international crises and threats to peace. The UK is one of five permanent members of the Security Council.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
The UK is also a member of NATO. NATO is a group of European and North American countries that have agreed to help each other if they come under attack. It also aims to maintain peace between all of its members.
Check that you understand:
- What the Commonwealth is and its role
- Other international organisations of which the UK is a member